Sustained Release Dosage Forms
Another form of coating is enteric coated viagra cialis online pharmacy pharmacy which are coated with a material which will dissolve in the intestine but remain intact in the stomach. Polymeric acid compounds have been used for this purpose with some success. This topic and the area of sustained release products has been discussed in more detail in other courses.
Benefits
for short half-life drugs, sustained release can mean less frequent dosing and thus better compliance.
reduce variations in plasma/blood levels for more consistent result.
Problems
More complicated formulation, may be more erratic in result. A sustained release product may contain a larger dose, i.e. the dose for two or three (or more) 'normal' dosing intervals. A failure of the controlled release mechanism may result in release of a large toxic dose.
more expensive technology
Types of products
erosion tablets
waxy matrix
matrix erodes or drug leaches from matrix
coated pellets
different pellets (colors) have different release properties
coated ion exchange
osmotic pump
insoluble coat with small hole. Osmotic pressure pushes the drug out at a controlled rate.
Results - reduced side effects,this website www,tablets dosage form,blogspot,com is dedicated for educting pharmaceuticle students
martes, 1 de noviembre de 2011
sábado, 29 de octubre de 2011
WHO Outlines Strategy to Combat Neglected Tropical Diseases
Pouya Rohani
Oct 15, 2010
2:45 pm
Tropical diseases cause a large scale of suffering in the world’s poorest countries. Approximately, one billion people worldwide are affected by tropical diseases, which is one of the main causes for poor people to stay in poverty. Tropical diseases are easy to treat and can be treated by one pill. However, there is almost no funding for these inexpensive treatments. The World Health Organization (WHO) demanded from governments, pharmaceutical companies, and donors help to lower number of people who are affected by these treatable diseases. In order to treat intestinal worms, an international pharmaceutical company, GlaxoSmithKline, volunteered to respond to the calling of the World Health Organization. GlaxoSmithKline plans to donate four hundred million more online pharmacy viagra for treatment of intestinal worms in children. So far the global attempt against guinea worm disease is encouraging because there is approximately 99 percent decline in guinea worm disease around the world. The simple method of using screens at the time of drinking still water helped to prevent worm eggs from entering the body. Another effective method to control other tropical diseases is using preventive chemotherapy. This method will focus on preventing a large number of people, who are likely to be effected by parasitic diseases, from getting sick. These people will receive tablets that immunize their bodies for several diseases at one time.
Little caring or not caring at all for people who need small help is a social problem that needs to be changed. It is very sad that many people in poor countries lose their lives every day while the governments of these countries simply watch the events. It is fortunate that organizations like World Health delegate these governments’ neglect. It is encouraging that guinea worm disease declined so much that it was almost eradicated from the face of the earth. International pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline should be rewarded for their action and should be recognized in the United Nations, so more companies will follow their path.
Source: http://www.voanews.com/english/news/health/WHO-Outlines-Strategy-to-Combat-Neglected-Tropical-Diseases-104991889.html
Oct 15, 2010
2:45 pm
Tropical diseases cause a large scale of suffering in the world’s poorest countries. Approximately, one billion people worldwide are affected by tropical diseases, which is one of the main causes for poor people to stay in poverty. Tropical diseases are easy to treat and can be treated by one pill. However, there is almost no funding for these inexpensive treatments. The World Health Organization (WHO) demanded from governments, pharmaceutical companies, and donors help to lower number of people who are affected by these treatable diseases. In order to treat intestinal worms, an international pharmaceutical company, GlaxoSmithKline, volunteered to respond to the calling of the World Health Organization. GlaxoSmithKline plans to donate four hundred million more online pharmacy viagra for treatment of intestinal worms in children. So far the global attempt against guinea worm disease is encouraging because there is approximately 99 percent decline in guinea worm disease around the world. The simple method of using screens at the time of drinking still water helped to prevent worm eggs from entering the body. Another effective method to control other tropical diseases is using preventive chemotherapy. This method will focus on preventing a large number of people, who are likely to be effected by parasitic diseases, from getting sick. These people will receive tablets that immunize their bodies for several diseases at one time.
Little caring or not caring at all for people who need small help is a social problem that needs to be changed. It is very sad that many people in poor countries lose their lives every day while the governments of these countries simply watch the events. It is fortunate that organizations like World Health delegate these governments’ neglect. It is encouraging that guinea worm disease declined so much that it was almost eradicated from the face of the earth. International pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline should be rewarded for their action and should be recognized in the United Nations, so more companies will follow their path.
Source: http://www.voanews.com/english/news/health/WHO-Outlines-Strategy-to-Combat-Neglected-Tropical-Diseases-104991889.html
martes, 3 de mayo de 2011
Alienware Introduces M14x and M18x Gaming Laptops
Today Alienware introduced two new additions to its lineup of gaming laptops, the new 14-inch M14x and 18-inch M18x.
The M18x will launch as Alienware's flagship laptop, boasting a massive 18.4-inch 1080p HD WLED display, dual GPU configurations from both AMD and NVIDIA with GDDR5 memory, Intel's new Huron River architecture with factory overclocked Intel Core i7 Extreme Quad Core processors for up to 4GHz clocking speeds, up to 32GBs of memory, HDMI/Display Port output, HDMI input, as well as optional wireless HDMI and integrated NVIDIA 3D Vision support.
On the other hand, the 14-inch M14x will be more geared toward added portability, offering a 14-inch 720p HD WLED display with optional 900p upgrade, NVIDIA GT 555M GPUs with 3GBs of VRAM, NVIDIA Optimus technology, up to 8GBs of RAM, HDMI output, Klipsch speakers, and optional WiMax 4G antenna with support for Verizon, AT&T and Sprint.
Also announced today was the new and improved M11x, Alienware's 11-inch gaming laptop, which received a substantial processing and graphics boost with the addition of second-generation Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 CPUs with Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 and NVIDIA's GeForce GT 540M GPU, up from the original Intel Core 2 Duo, i5, i7, and NVIDIA GT 335M processors. The device also now supports up to 16GBs of RAM, Klipsch speakers, HDMI output, and optional WiMax 4G antenna.
The M11x and M14x are available today starting at $999 and $1199, while the M18x will launch in May at $1999.
Is Alienware Working on a Gaming Tablet?
Today at a product briefing for their new 11-inch, 14-inch, and 18-inch gaming laptops, Alienware discussed the possibility of introducing a gaming-centric tablet device.
Though company representatives would neither confirm nor deny that a tablet was in the works, they did say that tablet products were a consideration.
"We're looking at all form factors and how we can provide value to gamers using all of the different factors," Alienware's Product Group Senior Vice President, Frank Azor said. "The answer isn't no, but it isn't also yes yet."
With Apple's iOS-enabled devices, such as the iPad, iPod touch, and iPhone usurping Nintendo and Sony as the largest mobile gaming platform, smartphones and purchase cialis are quickly becoming the next frontier in portable gaming.
Later this year, Sony will introduce the Xperia Play in the United States, the first handset of a larger initiative to expand the PlayStation brand to Android-enabled devices. Similarly, Microsoft is reinforcing its mobile gaming efforts with their Xbox Live-enabled Windows Phone 7 platform.
As a Dell-owned brand, Alienware it would seem that the company could easily leverage their parent company's established resources within the mobile space to craft their own line of supercharged cheap cialis and smartphones. Like the Dell Streak, an Alienware-branded smartphone or tablet would likely take advantage of Google's Android platform, but since the range of complex, graphically intensive mobile games is still somewhat limited, it may be awhile before there is enough justification for a gaming-centric mobile device.
Credits: IGN.com
The M18x will launch as Alienware's flagship laptop, boasting a massive 18.4-inch 1080p HD WLED display, dual GPU configurations from both AMD and NVIDIA with GDDR5 memory, Intel's new Huron River architecture with factory overclocked Intel Core i7 Extreme Quad Core processors for up to 4GHz clocking speeds, up to 32GBs of memory, HDMI/Display Port output, HDMI input, as well as optional wireless HDMI and integrated NVIDIA 3D Vision support.
On the other hand, the 14-inch M14x will be more geared toward added portability, offering a 14-inch 720p HD WLED display with optional 900p upgrade, NVIDIA GT 555M GPUs with 3GBs of VRAM, NVIDIA Optimus technology, up to 8GBs of RAM, HDMI output, Klipsch speakers, and optional WiMax 4G antenna with support for Verizon, AT&T and Sprint.
Also announced today was the new and improved M11x, Alienware's 11-inch gaming laptop, which received a substantial processing and graphics boost with the addition of second-generation Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 CPUs with Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 and NVIDIA's GeForce GT 540M GPU, up from the original Intel Core 2 Duo, i5, i7, and NVIDIA GT 335M processors. The device also now supports up to 16GBs of RAM, Klipsch speakers, HDMI output, and optional WiMax 4G antenna.
The M11x and M14x are available today starting at $999 and $1199, while the M18x will launch in May at $1999.
Is Alienware Working on a Gaming Tablet?
Today at a product briefing for their new 11-inch, 14-inch, and 18-inch gaming laptops, Alienware discussed the possibility of introducing a gaming-centric tablet device.
Though company representatives would neither confirm nor deny that a tablet was in the works, they did say that tablet products were a consideration.
"We're looking at all form factors and how we can provide value to gamers using all of the different factors," Alienware's Product Group Senior Vice President, Frank Azor said. "The answer isn't no, but it isn't also yes yet."
With Apple's iOS-enabled devices, such as the iPad, iPod touch, and iPhone usurping Nintendo and Sony as the largest mobile gaming platform, smartphones and purchase cialis are quickly becoming the next frontier in portable gaming.
Later this year, Sony will introduce the Xperia Play in the United States, the first handset of a larger initiative to expand the PlayStation brand to Android-enabled devices. Similarly, Microsoft is reinforcing its mobile gaming efforts with their Xbox Live-enabled Windows Phone 7 platform.
As a Dell-owned brand, Alienware it would seem that the company could easily leverage their parent company's established resources within the mobile space to craft their own line of supercharged cheap cialis and smartphones. Like the Dell Streak, an Alienware-branded smartphone or tablet would likely take advantage of Google's Android platform, but since the range of complex, graphically intensive mobile games is still somewhat limited, it may be awhile before there is enough justification for a gaming-centric mobile device.
Credits: IGN.com
Shape Discovers Condoms, Misunderstands Science
I just flipped through the April issue of Shape magazine, and came across this gobbet of enlightenment in the "Live Healthy News" section, on page 82:
The news item is accompanied by a photo of a man and a woman whose burnished and tangled caucasian legs (hers hairless; his blondly fuzzed) emerge from a pup tent, with the caption, "Be prepared: you never know when the mood will strike".
I'm not even sure where to begin, but the piece's breathless discovery that condoms are a good idea will do nicely. Granted, this is a magazine that offers such breakthrough advice as "tap excess powder off brush before sweeping on!" (p.70). But this "news" bit presents the idea that "those not in a committed relationship" should use condoms as revelatory, and that worries me. In the San Francisco Bay Area in the late 1980s, even the nuns at my Catholic high school required that we learn to put condoms on cucumbers. But condom use appears to be leveling off at best. New HIV infections in the United States alone are also an even bigger problem than previously thought, according to the CDC. Has condom use among Shape's "key demographic of college-educated, socially and physically active women in their mid 30s" actually gone so out of style that it can be presented as radically new?
Shape also presents only part of the research. The article from the journal Sexual Health is behind a paywall, but here is the abstract (emphasis mine):
Dr. Higgins, who researches "gender-sensitive HIV prevention efforts for heterosexual women and men", makes a distinction between sexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction. Shape, however, mentions only sexual satisfaction, but implies that satisfaction and pleasure are identical. Furthermore, the news piece's contention that using male condoms will lead to "spicier sessions between the sheets" contradicts Higgins' finding that women report decreased pleasure (though increased overall satisfaction) when using condoms.
Finally, the Shape author misunderstands Dr. Higgins' quote about "women who double up tak[ing] better care of themselves, which has a positive effect on sexual health". Shape implies that suddenly stashing some condoms will lead to better sex, while Higgins' point is that women who take good care of themselves to begin with have better overall sexual cialis, and that condom use is but one reflection of that self-care. So, whoever wrote the Live Healthy News piece is either utterly scientifically illiterate or hella* disingenuous.
-------
*as we used to say in Marin County CA back in '88 (e.g. "damn, these cucumbers are hella slippery now, dude!")
The surprising secret to a sizzling love life
Want to have better sex? Skip the candles and sexy lingerie and pick up some condoms. A new study published in the journal Sexual Health found that women who used them along with a form of hormonal contraception, such as birth control pills, reported being more sexually satisfied.
Researchers say that may be because the women were able to stop worrying about sexually transmitted diseases and birth control mishaps, like missed pills or broken condoms, and focus on enjoying the moment. "It could also be that women who double up take better care of themselves, which has a positive effect on sexual health", says study author Jenny Higgins, Ph.D. So if you're not in a committed relationship, stash a box of condoms in your nightstand--and get set for some spicier sessions between the sheets.
The news item is accompanied by a photo of a man and a woman whose burnished and tangled caucasian legs (hers hairless; his blondly fuzzed) emerge from a pup tent, with the caption, "Be prepared: you never know when the mood will strike".
I'm not even sure where to begin, but the piece's breathless discovery that condoms are a good idea will do nicely. Granted, this is a magazine that offers such breakthrough advice as "tap excess powder off brush before sweeping on!" (p.70). But this "news" bit presents the idea that "those not in a committed relationship" should use condoms as revelatory, and that worries me. In the San Francisco Bay Area in the late 1980s, even the nuns at my Catholic high school required that we learn to put condoms on cucumbers. But condom use appears to be leveling off at best. New HIV infections in the United States alone are also an even bigger problem than previously thought, according to the CDC. Has condom use among Shape's "key demographic of college-educated, socially and physically active women in their mid 30s" actually gone so out of style that it can be presented as radically new?
Shape also presents only part of the research. The article from the journal Sexual Health is behind a paywall, but here is the abstract (emphasis mine):
Abstract
Background: Little is known about how condoms and other contraceptives influence women’s sexual enjoyment, which could shape use patterns.
Methods: Data from an online study of women’s sexual purchase cialis and functioning were used to examine how three categories of contraceptive use – hormonal method only, condoms primarily, and dual use – could help predict decreased sexual pleasure associated with contraceptive method and overall sexual satisfaction in the past 4 weeks.
Results: In analyses controlling for age, relationship length, and other variables, male condoms were most strongly associated with decreased pleasure, whether used alone or in conjunction with hormonal methods. Women who used hormonal methods alone were least likely to report decreased pleasure, but they also had significantly lower overall scores of sexual satisfaction compared with the other two groups. Dual users, or women who used both condoms and a hormonal method, reported the highest sexual satisfaction scores.
Conclusions: Because male condoms were viewed by many of these women as decreasing sexual pleasure, sexual risk practices are likely to be affected. Although hormonal only users were highly unlikely to report decreased pleasure, they reported lower sexual satisfaction compared with the other two groups. Dual users, who had the highest sexual satisfaction scores, may have been the most sexually satisfied because they felt more fully protected against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmissible infections – consistent with previous qualitative documentation of ‘eroticising safety.’ This exploratory study suggests that different contraceptives affect sexuality in various ways, warranting further research into these sexual dimensions and how they influence contraceptive practices.
Keywords: contraception, hormonal methods, male condoms, sexual pleasure, sexual satisfaction.
Dr. Higgins, who researches "gender-sensitive HIV prevention efforts for heterosexual women and men", makes a distinction between sexual pleasure and sexual satisfaction. Shape, however, mentions only sexual satisfaction, but implies that satisfaction and pleasure are identical. Furthermore, the news piece's contention that using male condoms will lead to "spicier sessions between the sheets" contradicts Higgins' finding that women report decreased pleasure (though increased overall satisfaction) when using condoms.
Finally, the Shape author misunderstands Dr. Higgins' quote about "women who double up tak[ing] better care of themselves, which has a positive effect on sexual health". Shape implies that suddenly stashing some condoms will lead to better sex, while Higgins' point is that women who take good care of themselves to begin with have better overall sexual cialis, and that condom use is but one reflection of that self-care. So, whoever wrote the Live Healthy News piece is either utterly scientifically illiterate or hella* disingenuous.
-------
*as we used to say in Marin County CA back in '88 (e.g. "damn, these cucumbers are hella slippery now, dude!")
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